Low-Cost Housing, A way to reduce the cost of construction.
Low-Cost Housing
Low-cost housing is a new concept that relates to effective budgeting and the following techniques that build cost through the use of locally available materials with the best skills and technology, without sacrificing power, efficiency, and structuring life.
There is a great misconception that low-cost housing is only suitable for sub-standard works and they are constructed using low-quality inexpensive building materials. The fact is that low-cost housing is managed through proper management of resources. The task of the economy is achieved by postponing or terminating the tasks.
Building Cost
The building's construction cost can be divided into two parts.
Building Material Cost: 65 to 70%
Labor cost: 65 to 70%
Now in low-cost housing, the cost of the building is low because we use locally available materials and the cost of labor can also be reduced by scheduling our work. Reduction costs are achieved through more efficient material selection or better design.
Areas from where cost can be reduced are:-
1) Reduce the crop area using the concept of a thin wall. Ex.15 cm thick concrete block wall.
2) Use locally available materials in a modern way, such as concrete blocks instead of burnt bricks.
3) Use energy-saving materials that use less energy than concrete bricks in place of burned bricks.
4) Use environmentally friendly materials that use traditional building components such as R.C.C. Are alternatives to Door and window frames in place of wooden frames.
5) Prepare each component of a house and rationalize the design method to reduce the size of the component in the building.
6) Material waste can be avoided by planning every part of a house and demolishing the unplanned component of the house.
7) Every part of the house will be checked whether it is necessary or not necessary, then it should not be used.
Cost reduction through Adhoc methods
Foundation
The foundation usually costs 10 to 15% of the total building and is usually adopted 3 to 4 feet deep for single or double story building and 6% (15 cm). Solid beds are also used. The foundation that can be avoided
It is recommended to adopt a basic depth of 2 feet (0.6 meters) for minor clays such as gravel, red clay, etc., and to use immovable debris masonry with bonded stones and good pacing. Similarly, the width of the foundation is justified up to 2 feet (0.6 meters). The masonry is well packed with cement mortar of 1: 8 stones and bonded stones at normal intervals to avoid foundation cracks.
It has also been suggested to adopt an arc foundation in the mainland to reduce the cost of construction by up to 40%. Such a foundation would help to eliminate loose pockets of soil that accompany the foundation.
In the case of black cotton and other soft soil, it is recommended to be used under the Ram Pile Foundation which saves 20 to 25% of the cost over conventional construction methods.
Plinth
It is suggested to adopt a height of 1 foot above ground level for the plot and can be constructed with cement mortar of 1: 6. Good slabs of 4 to 6 The commonly used slabs can be avoided and brick bricks can be used to reduce costs. The adoption of this method can reduce the cost of a plot foundation by about 35 to 50 percent. To minimize soil erosion and caution, it is necessary to provide faulty blankets such as concrete slabs or stone slabs around the building, thus avoiding the appearance of foundation surfaces and crack formation.
Walling
The wall thickness ranges from 6" to 9"۔ to allow the building to be adjusted to the wall and 41/2” to the inside walls. It is recommended to use burnt bricks that are submerged in water for 24 hours and then used for walls.
Rat – trap bond wall
This is a cavity wall construction that has the added benefit of thermal relief and reduces the number of bricks needed for masonry work. By adopting this method of brick masonry as compared to traditional English or Flemish bond masonry, it is possible to reduce the material cost of brick by 25% and about 10 to 15% in masonry cost. Adoption of the rat net bond mechanism can make the wall surface aesthetically pleasing and avoid plastering.
Concrete block walling
In view of high energy consumption by burned bricks, it is recommended to use a concrete block (block hollow and solid) that consumes only 1/3 of the energy of burnt brick in its production. Is. The thickness of the wall can be reduced from 20 cm to 15 cm using concrete block masonry. Concrete block masonry saves mortar consumption, faster construction of the wall increases labor productivity, plastering can be avoided, thus saving up to 10 to 25% overall.
Soil cement block technology
This is an alternative method of building walls using clay blocks of clay instead of burning brick masonry. It is an effective method of construction energy where the soil is combined with cement 5 and above and pressed into a handheld machine and fine-tuned and then used in masonry. This architect does not need to plaster both sides of the wall. Compared to traditional construction methods, the overall economy achieved by soil-cement technology is 15 to 20 percent.
Doors and windows
Do not use wood for doors and windows, and instead of concrete or steel, section frames will be used to achieve cost savings of 30 to 40 percent. Similarly, for shutters that use commercially available blockboards, fiber or wooden boards, etc., they will be used to reduce the cost by about 25%. Adopting brick jelly work and percussion components can provide effective ventilation to the building and also save up to 50% of the construction cost on window components.
Lintels and Chajjas
The traditional R.C.C. Little ones that are expensive can be replaced with brick mattresses for smaller straps and can save up to 30 to 40 percent of the cost of construction compared to traditional construction methods. By adopting different shapes, the exterior walls of brick masonry can be shaped into fine architectural design.
Roofing
Usually, 5" (12.5 cm) thick R.C.C. The slab is used for the roof of residential buildings. Adoption of rationally designed construction methods, such as filler slabs and precast elements, can reduce roof costs by 20 to 25 percent.
Filler slabs
They are typical RCC slabs where concrete parts of the bottom (tension) are replaced by a filler material such as bricks, tiles, cellular concrete blocks, etc. Active tension is solid, thus leading to the economy. They are safe, authentic, and provide aesthetically pleasing pattern roofs and do not even need a plaster.
Jack arch roof/floor
Their construction is easy, saving cement and steel, more suitable in hot climates. It can be built using compressed earth blocks as a brick replacement for the next economy.
Ferro cement channel/shell unit
Provide an economical solution to the RCC slab by providing a cost reduction of 30 to 40% on the floor/ceiling unit without compromising power on the RCC slab. It is predicted that construction is fast, economical due to shuttering and facilitating quality control.
Finishing Work
The cost of completing the goods, such as sanitary, electrical, painting, etc., varies depending on the type and quality of the product used in the building, and the cost is dependent on the individual choice and choice.