what is Concrete..? types of
Concrete:
Plain concrete, commonly known as concrete, is an inert mixture of fine material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water. The plasticity can be easily molded to the desired shape and size before it is lost and hardened. Simple concrete is strong in compression but very weak in tension. Tensile property has been introduced by incorporating various materials in concrete and this effort has given rise to RCC, RBC, PSC, FRC, cellular concrete and Ferro cement. This Article deals in detail on the ratio, mixing, curing, property, and use of simple concrete. Other improved versions of concrete are described and their special features and uses are identified.
1. REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (R.C.C.)
Since the elastic modulus of the steel is high, the resistance of the steel by the same extension is greater than that of the solid. However, in the tensile zone, cracks in the hair are inevitable. The reinforcement is usually of 6mm to 32mm diameter in the form of light steel or ribbed steel rods.
A reinforcement cage is prepared according to the design requirements, which is then put into farm work and then poured green concrete. After the concrete is hardened, the farm work is removed. The composite material of steel and concrete is now known as RCC. Works as a structural member and can withstand stress as well as stress.
Properties of R.C.C./Requirement of Good R.C.C.
1. It should be able to withstand expected stress, compressive, bending and scissors.
2. It should not show excessive misconduct and worsen the need for services.
3. Should have adequate cover for reinforcement, to prevent corrosion.
developed. Haircuts created should be within the allowed range. 5. It is a good fire-resistant material. 6. When it is fresh, it can be molded to any desired shape and size.
7. The stability is very good.
8. The RCC structure can be designed to carry any load
Uses of R.C.C.
It is a widely used building material. Here are some of its main uses:
1. RCC is used as a structural element, which is the general structural element of RCC in the building. Used are:
(a) Footings
(b) Columns
(c) Beams and lintels
(d) roofs and slabs.
(e) Stairs.
2. Used for building storage structures such as RCC
(a) Water tanks
(b) Dams
(c) Bins
(d) Silos and bunkers.
3. It is used to build such a large structure
(a) Bridges
(b) Retaining walls
(c) Docks and harbors
(d) Underwater structures.
4. It is used for pre-casting
(a) Railway sleepers
(b) Electric poles
5. R.C.C. is used for constructing tall structures like
(a) Multistory buildings
(b) Chimneys
(c) Towers.
6. It is used for paving
(a) Roads
(b) Airports.
7. RCC is used in the construction of nuclear plants to prevent the risk of radiation. For this purpose, RCC built walls are 1.5 meters to 2.0 meters thick
2. REINFORCED BRICK CONCRETE (RBC)
It is a combination of reinforcement, brick, and concrete. It is a well-known fact that concrete is very weak under stress. Therefore, in slabs, lintels and beams do not participate in the resistance of the concrete load to the bottom of the neutral axis. It acts only as filler material. So to achieve the economy, concrete can be replaced with bricks or tiles in the tensile zone. Dense cement mortar is used to embed low attachment. The reinforcement can be a steel bar, extension mesh, etc.
3. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE (PSC)
When such a structural element is used, the pressure created by the load has to be relieved before the stress can be introduced into the concrete. In this way, the whole concrete is used to resist the load in the precast concrete. Another important advantage of PSC is that the hair cracks in the concrete are removed so the stability is high. PSC's fatigue strength is also high. PSC beam glasses are very rare and therefore can be used for long periods.
PSC is commonly used in the construction of bridges, large column-free slabs, and roofs. Typically PSC sleepers and electric piles are used.
The materials used in PSC are high tensile steel and high strength steel. The wiring can be through stress or post-tensioning. Prevention consists of pulling the wires first and then releasing the wires before ending the tension. In the case of post-tension, the drains are made of solid elements. After hardening concrete, pressing wires to pass through the drains. After pulling the wires, they are anchored with solid elements through special anchors.
Simple concrete has low tensile strength, limited reliability and low resistance to cracking. The cords are ready before loading. After loading the micro cracks, expand and propagate, which will exhibit concrete environmental-related actions. If fibers are provided with near and evenly dispersed fibers when mixing in concrete, the cracks are captured and the stable and dynamic properties are improved.
Fiber-reinforced concrete can be described as a composite material of concrete or mortar with proportional and evenly distributed fibers. The most commonly used fibers are steel, nylon, asbestos, coir, glass, carbon and polypropylene. Fibers have a longitudinal dimension of 30 to 150 nm. The diameter of the fibers varies from 0.25 to 0.75 mm.
Uses of FRC
1. Wear a coat of wind fields, roads, and refinery linings.
2. To produce cast products such as pipes, stairs, wall panels, manhole covers, and boats.
3. Used to manufacture glass fiber reinforced concrete doors and window frames, park benches, bus shelters, etc.
4. Carbon is suitable for FRC cladding and shell-like structures.
5. Asbestos FRC sheets are commonly used as roofing materials.
4. CELLULAR CONCRETE
It is a lightweight concrete that is developed by introducing large vaults into concrete or mortar. Its density ranges from 3 KN / m3 to 8 KN / m3 while the simple solid density is 24 kN / m3. It is also known as air, foam or gas concrete
Properties of cellular concrete:
It has the following features:
1. It is lightweight.
2. It has good fire resistance.
3. It has good thermal insulation properties.
4. Thermal expansion is negligible.
Free. Freezing and melting problems are absent.
6. Sound absorption is good.
7. It has a lower tendency to break out.
Uses of Cellular Concrete
1. It is used for the construction of partition walls.
2. It is used for partitions for heat insulation purposes.
3. It is used for building hollow floors
5. FERRO-CEMENT
The term Ferro cement combines ferrous products with cement. Typically this combination is in the form of embedded steel wires in Portland cement mortar. The wire mesh is usually 0.8 to 1.00 mm diameter steel wire at a distance of 5 mm to 50 mm and the ratio of cement mortar to cement sand is 1: 2 or 1: 3. 6mm diameter rods are also used at larger intervals, preferably in corners. Babies can be jelly in place of sand. The proportion of used water-cement is between 0.4 and 0.4.
Ferro cement reinforcement is deposited in its final desired form and plastered directly. No need for farm work. At least two layers of reinforcing steel mesh are needed. According to the American Concrete Institute, "Ferro cement is a thin-walled concrete construction where usually a hydraulic cement is reinforced by layers of continuous and relatively small diameter nets. The mesh used is metal or There may be other suitable content.
Properties of Ferro-cement
1. It has a mass of power per unit.
2. It has the ability to withstand shock loads.
3. It can be removed as attractive as teak and rosewood.
4. Ferro cement elements can be constructed without using farm work.
5. It is faulty.
Uses of Ferro-cement
It can be used to create:
1. Distribution walls
2. Window frames, and drops
3. Cabinets shelf 4. Doors and window shutters
5. Household water tanks
6. Predict roof elements
7. Provide the necessary papers and references to support the roof tiles.
8. Pipe
9. Silos
10. Furniture
11. Main Hole Cover
12. Boats
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