What are Metals.?, Metals as Building Materials ~ Knowledgehu92.info

What are Metals.? Metals as Building Materials

Many of the metals used for building works have been widely classified as ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. This article describes the properties and uses of ferrous metals and some of the most important non-ferrous materials, such as aluminum and copper.

1. FERROUS METALS:

Ferrous material. It is one in which iron is an important component. Iron ore is first converted to pig iron and then pig iron is subjected to various metallic processes to mix different percentages of carbon and to yield the following three useful ferrous substances.

1. Cast Iron - Carbon content 1.7% to 4.5%
2. Iron - carbon content of 0.05% to 0.15%
3. Steel - carbon content from 0.25% to 0.25%.

All ferrous materials contain about 0.5 to 0.5% silica, less than 2% manganese, 0.15% sulfur, and 0.6% phosphorus.

(A) Cast Iron:

The main features of cast iron are:

(a) Compression strength is 700 N / mm2 and tensile strength is 150 N / mm2.

(b) It breaks easily and does not absorb shock

(D) Its structure is coarse, crystalline and fibrous.

(e) It cannot be magnetized.

(f) It is not easily rusted.

(g) The melting point in it is approximately 1200 ° C

Uses of Cast Iron:

1. It is used to cover rainwater and sanitary pipes, sanitary fittings and manhole.

2. It is used for making railing and spiral ladder cases.

3. Cover and bracket for firefighting, pumps, and motors are made with cast iron.

(B) Wrought Iron:

It is almost pure iron. It contains less than 0.15% carbon. Other impurities are tried during the manufacturing process.

Properties of Wrought Iron:

1. Its final compression strength is 200 N / mm 2 and the final tensile strength is 375 N / mm.

2. It is complex and easy to break.

3. Its unit weight is 77 kN / m3.

4. It melts at about 1500 ° C. It is so soft at 900 ° C that the hammer can be folded into two pieces.

5. It can absorb shocks very well.

6. It forms temporary magnets but cannot be permanently magnetized.

7. It runs more easily.

Uses of Wrought Iron:

1. It is used to make nails and nuts, wires and chains.

2. It is used for making roof sheets, girls, fences, window guards, etc.

(C) Steel:

It is widely used in building materials. The following three types of steel are widely used.

(a)) Mild steel

(b) high carbon steel

(a) Mild Steel:

It contains a maximum of 0.25% carbon, 0.05% sulfur and 0.55% phosphorus.

Properties of Mild Steel:

(i) It is workable and durable

(ii) it is more flexible

(iii) It can be permanently magnetized.

(iv) Its specific gravity is 7.8.

(v) It's Young's modulus is 2.1 × 105 N / mm2.

(vi) It can be easily welded.

(vii) It is just as strong under stress and pressure.

Uses of Mild Steel:

(i) Round rods are widely used as reinforcements in RCC. works.

(ii) Rolled parts such as I, T, L, C, plate, etc. are used for the construction of steel columns, beams, trusses, etc.

(iii) Tubular parts are used as members of poles and trucks.

(iv) Simple and corrugated light steel are used as roofing materials.

(v) Light steel parts are used to make parts of any machinery.

(b) High Carbon Steel:

The carbon in this steel is 0.7% to 1.5%.

Properties of Carbon Steel:

(i) It is more rigid and flexible than light steel.

(ii) Welding is difficult.

(iii) It can be permanently magnetized.

(iv) It is stronger than stress in tension.

(v) It better prevents shocks and tremors.

Uses of High Carbon Steel:

(i) It is used for making tools such as drills, files, chisels.

(ii) Many parts of the machine are made with high carbon steel as it is capable of withstanding shocks and vibrations.

(c) High Tensile Steel:

It contains 0.8% carbon and 0.6% manganese. The strength of this steel is quite high. High tensile steel wires are used in prestressed concrete works.

2. Aluminum:

It is present in most rocks and clays on the surface of the earth's crust. But ore is ideally suited for producing metal bauxite (Al2O3. 2H2O).

Properties of Aluminum:

1. It has a silver color and a bright shine.

2. It is very light in weight.

3. It is a good conductor of electricity.

4. It has very good corrosion resistance.

5. It melts at 66 ° C

6. It is extremely complex and workable.

7. It has a high strength of weight ratio.

Uses of Aluminum:

1. It is used to make door and window frames.

2. Aluminum structural members are gaining popularity.

3. Aluminum wires are used as electrical insulators.

4. It is used as a foil.

5. The aluminum powder works as pigments in the paint.

3. COPPER:

It is a naturally available metal in the form of ore containing small amounts of iron and sulfur. After removing the impurities, the electrolytic component of the purest metal is processed. This metal is almost indistinguishable. Copper scrap can be processed to obtain the original copper.

Properties of Copper:

1. Its color is brown.

2. Its structure is crystalline. 3. It is extremely complex and workable.

4. It is resistant to corrosion.

5. It can be easily welded in red heat conditions.

6. Tents can be clamped on copper.

7. It has high power and thermal conductivity.

8. Its melting point is at 1083 ° C.

Uses of Copper:

1. It is used as electrical wire and cable.

2. It is used as a light conductor.

3. Construction copper plates are used for waterproofing.