Traditional materials used in construction
In construction, conventional substances are those that have long been used to build shelters and buildings in an area, or nation. However, traditional materials in an area in Kent, for example, Chashma Kasha, cannot be considered traditional in Yorkshire because of the lack of glitter to build the county. In addition, some building materials used for thousands of years may be considered traditional in one area but may not exist as building materials in another area,
Stone, brick, cement, lime, and wood are traditional materials that have been used for centuries in civil engineering construction. This article describes the properties, properties and uses of these materials.
1. STONES:
Stone is a 'naturally available building material' that has been used since the earliest stages of civilization. It is available in the form of rocks, cut to the desired size and shape and used as a building block. It has been used to build small residential buildings in major palaces and temples around the world. The Red Fort, the Taj Mahal, the Vidhan Sabha in Bangalore and many medieval palaces throughout India are famous stone buildings.
Type of Stones:
Stones used for civil engineering works may be classified in
the following ways:
Geologica
Physical
Chemical
2. Bricks:
Brick is obtained by molding fine clay into a block, which is then dried and then burned. It is the oldest stone building. Brick manufacture began with hand molding, sun drying and burning in clamps. A considerable amount of technological advancement has been accomplished
Types of Bricks:
Bricks may be broadly
classified as:
(i) Building bricks
(ii) Paving bricks
(iii) Fire bricks
(iv) Special bricks
3. LIME:
It is an important binding material used in building construction. Lime has been used as a construction material since ancient times. When mixed with sand, it provides lime mortar and when mixed with sand and coarse aggregates, it forms lime concrete.
Types of Lime:
Lim used for civil engineering works may be classified in
the following three ways:
Fat lime
Hydraulic lime
Poor lime
4. CEMENT:
Cement is the most commonly used binding material in construction. The cement is obtained by burning a mixture of calcareous and calcareous material at very high temperatures and then grinding the clinker to a fine powder. It was first developed in 1924 in England by a Mason Joseph Spaden. It patented it as Portland Cement
Types of Cement:
Cement used for civil engineering works may be classified in
the following types:
White Cement
Coloured Cement
Quick Setting Cement
Rapid Hardening Cement
Low Heat Cement
Pozzulana Cemen
Expanding Cement
High Alumina Cement
Blast Furnace Cement
5. TIMBER:
Wood refers to wood used in construction work. In fact, the word wood is derived from an old English word 'timber' which means 'to build'. A tree that gives good wood for construction is called a 'standing timber'. 'After the tree has fallen, its branches are cut off and its trunk is cut into pieces of suitable length so that it can be transported to a wooden yard. This form of wood is called raw wood. Seeing, rough wood is converted into various commercial sizes such as planks, leather, letters, beams, etc. Such a form of wood is known as wood.
Classification of Timber:
Various bases are considered for the classification of
timbers. The following are the important basis:
Mode of growth
Modulus of elasticity
Durability
Grading
Availability.
6. Slate:
Because of the way it is cleaved, the sediment has been used for centuries to create roofs, smooth out, and form surfaces on steps and stairs. The roof is still highly regarded as a covering, but also a total cladding for contemporary steel and concrete buildings. In recent years, the natural slate has faced competition (especially in terms of price) with man-made slates.
7. Lead:
Mined 2,000 years ago by the Romans, lead is still in use in the UK to this day, mainly used as a roof cover, but also for sewers and pipes. And for camels in stained glass windows
8. Iron:
Historically, iron has played a major role in most British buildings, including for beavers, nails, carnations, finals, and pebbles.
9. Stucco:
Originally used by the Greeks and Romans, Stucco appears as a cheap way of carving stone in Britain around 1500 AD. It became popular as a foreign render in Regency and Georgian England. A special form of stucco - '‘marmorino’ ' - was used internally to mimic the effects of stone and marble (also known as polished plaster).
Learn more about….